Open Science takes the principles of Open Access and applies them to the scientific process. Researchers working in the Open Science framework actively share their data, tools, results, and more. Going further, Open Science seeks to include and learn from groups that have traditionally been excluded from the publishing process. 

The six principles of open science are:

• Open Methodology – Publicly sharing processes, procedures, and materials in detail so that others can analyze and reproduce your experiments faithfully.
• Open Source – Developing and sharing open source software, making tools for recording and analyzing data more accessible. 
• Open Data – Sharing your results allowing for reanalysis and comparison by others.
• Open Access – Publishing your findings in ways that are accessible to the most people (i.e. not behind a paywall).
• Open Peer Review – A review process with a wider community of reviewers, review reports published alongside the article, and known identities of those reviewers.
• Open Educational Resources – Freely accessible teaching, learning, and research materials. 

Keeping data, tools, and results open means that others can freely reanalyze and recreate studies, which will either reinforce or question the results, meaning the science gets better.