{"id":591,"date":"2014-03-13T19:01:04","date_gmt":"2014-03-13T19:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/?p=591"},"modified":"2016-08-24T13:53:03","modified_gmt":"2016-08-24T13:53:03","slug":"is-chocolate-a-food-a-problem-in-pubmed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/2014\/03\/13\/is-chocolate-a-food-a-problem-in-pubmed\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Chocolate A Food? A Problem In PubMed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\">By Eric Rumsey and Janna Lawrence<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">[Check out additional\u00a0articles on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/category\/plant-based-foods\/\">PubMed &amp;\u00a0Plant-Based Foods<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">As we&#8217;ve <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/2013\/07\/24\/searching-for-food-diet-nutrition-in-pubmed\/\">written<\/a>, searching for food-related subjects in PubMed is difficult because of the way the MeSH system is organized. <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/2013\/09\/04\/plant-based-foods-a-tricky-pubmed-search\/\">Plant-based foods<\/a> are especially difficult because in most cases they are treated mainly as plants rather than food.<\/p>\n<p>One result of treating plant-based foods as plants is that the MeSH term is usually the botanical plant name; in the case of chocolate it\u2019s <em>Cacao<\/em>. This is usually not a serious problem when searching for specific substances because the common food name maps to the botanical MeSH term.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A more serious consequence of treating plant-based foods as plants instead of foods is that they are usually not in any food-related <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/2013\/09\/19\/pubmeds-secret-ingredient-explosions\/\">explosion<\/a>, but only in the <em>Plants<\/em> explosion. So the only occurrence of chocolate (<em>Cacao<\/em>) is here:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Plants\r\n   Angiosperms\r\n      Sterculiaceae\r\n         Cacao<\/pre>\n<p>The reason this is a problem is because articles on chocolate\/<em>Cacao<\/em> will not be retrieved in a search for <em>Food<\/em>. So, for example, if you do a general search for food-related causes of migraine, you will not retrieve this article:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\">Chocolate is a migraine-provoking agent<br \/>\nJournal: Cephalalgia<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1860135\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1860135<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is not retrieved by searching for food because <em>Cacao<\/em> is not in the <em>Food<\/em> explosion. More broadly, however, it\u2019s also not retrieved with the comprehensive <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/2013\/08\/14\/food-diet-nutrition-an-inclusive-pubmed-search\/\">Food-Diet-Nutrition<\/a> hedge that we\u2019ve discussed previously, which includes text-words as well MeSH terms and explosions.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Here are several other articles on health and medical aspects of chocolate that are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=chocolate+NOT+(food+OR+foods+OR+beverages+OR+diet+OR+dietary+OR+vitamin+OR+vitamins+OR+nutrition+OR+nutritional+OR+nutrition+disorders+OR+food+industry+OR+nutritional+physiological+phenomena+OR+dietary+fats+OR+dietary+proteins+OR+feeding+behavior)\">not retrieved<\/a> by our broad Food-Diet-Nutrition hedge:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chocolate consumption modulates cytokine production in healthy individuals.<br \/>\nJournal: Cytokine.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23465690\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23465690<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Protective effects of flavanol-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function and wave reflection during acute hyperglycemia.<br \/>\nJournal: Hypertension.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22851734\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22851734<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chocolate and coronary heart disease: a systematic review.<br \/>\nJournal: Curr Atheroscler Rep.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21894553\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21894553<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Supraventricular tachycardia induced by chocolate: is chocolate too sweet for the heart?<br \/>\nJournal: Am J Emerg Med.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21871761\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21871761<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chocolate consumption in pregnancy and reduced likelihood of preeclampsia.<br \/>\nJournal: Epidemiology.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18379424\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18379424<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If chocolate were the only case of a plant-based food that is not retrieved in a broad PubMed search for food-related topics, it would be a trivial matter. But that\u2019s far from being the case. There are many plant-based foods that have the same problem in PubMed. We will be writing on several of these foods in the next few months, so keep an eye on this space!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Eric Rumsey and Janna Lawrence [Check out additional\u00a0articles on\u00a0PubMed &amp;\u00a0Plant-Based Foods] As we&#8217;ve written, searching for food-related subjects in PubMed is difficult because of the way the MeSH system is organized. Plant-based foods are especially difficult because in most cases they are treated mainly as plants rather than food. One result of treating plant-based<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/2014\/03\/13\/is-chocolate-a-food-a-problem-in-pubmed\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Is Chocolate A Food? A Problem In PubMed&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":167,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,44,23,1],"tags":[],"syndication":[],"coauthors":[17],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/167"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=591"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1014,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions\/1014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=591"},{"taxonomy":"syndication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/syndication?post=591"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/needtoknow\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}