{"id":897,"date":"2014-07-15T20:21:33","date_gmt":"2014-07-15T20:21:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/?p=897"},"modified":"2014-07-15T20:21:33","modified_gmt":"2014-07-15T20:21:33","slug":"engineering-the-bicycle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/engineering-the-bicycle\/","title":{"rendered":"Engineering the Bicycle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Iowa is\u00a0known for many things: the butter cow, John Wayne, ethanol, and the Register’s Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa (RAGBRAI). On July 20th, 8,500\u00a0riders will mount their two-wheeled pedal machines to cover\u00a0more than 400 miles in one week.\u00a0Would this\u00a0have been\u00a0possible without the\u00a0engineering\u00a0feats of light-weight carbon fiber materials,\u00a0multiple-speed performance gears,\u00a0durable traction\u00a0wheels and brakes, and ergonomically adjustable handle bars and seat posts?<\/p>\n

\"original<\/a>
The original pedal-driven bicycle (velocipede) as it appears in Pierre Lallement’s U.S. Patent No. 59,915 of 1866.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The earliest sketch of a bicycle-like machine was drawn in 1493 by a student of Leonardo da Vinci. However, the earliest claim to a two-wheel \u201crunning machine\u201d was called the Draisine<\/em>, named for its inventor, Karl von Drais. who patented his wood-built, steerable design in 1818. Soon after, Denis Johnson of London patented a similar version called the \u201cvelocipede\u201d or \u201cpedestrian curricle.\u201d The rider walked or ran on top of the two-wheel machine. It commonly was referred to as the \u201chobby-horse\u201d since it was an alternative to riding a horse as a means of transportation.<\/p>\n

In\u00a01863, a French metalworker, Pierre Lallement, introduced the first crank and pedal-operated serpentine-frame velocipede. His 1866 U.S. patented design became the basis for the first popular and commercially successful \u201cbicycle.\u201d By the 1890s, continued\u00a0improvements had been made to the steering, safety, comfort and speed of the bicycle design, as well as the\u00a0addition of\u00a0the chain-drive from the front wheel hub to the rear.<\/p>\n

By the start of the 20th century, cycling had become a viable and popular means of transportation. Mass production increased its affordability and recreational riding clubs formed. Susan B. Anthony coined the phrase \u201cfreedom machine\u201d because the bicycle gave women unprecedented mobility. It also reshaped the women\u2019s fashion industry\u00a0since corsets and angle-length skirts encumbered riding.<\/p>\n

REFERENCES<\/p>\n

Books:<\/p>\n

\"BicycleBicycle design : an illustrated history<\/a> \/ Tony Hadland and Hans-Erhard Lessing ; with contributions from Nick Clayton and Gary W. Sanderson. Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2014] (eLibrary<\/a>)<\/p>\n

\"BicycleBicycle design : the search for the perfect machine<\/a> \/ Mike Burrows with Tony Hadland. London : Snowbooks Ltd., 2008. (Engineering Library TL410 .B8 2008)<\/p>\n

\"Bike,<\/p>\n

Bike, scooter, and chopper projects for the evil genius<\/a> \/ Brad Graham, Kathy McGowan. \u00a0New York : McGraw-Hill, c2008. (Engineering Library TL400 .G689 2008)<\/p>\n

T\"Thehe racing bicycle : design, function, speed<\/a>\u00a0\/ foreword by Robert Penn ; general editors, Richard Moore, Daniel Benson. New York : Universe, 2013. (Engineering Library TL437.5 .R63 2013)<\/p>\n

\"RacingRacing bicycles : 100 years of steel<\/a>\u00a0\/ David Rapley ; [photography by Susie Latham]. Mulgrave, Vic. : Images Publishing Group Pty, 2012. (Engineering Library TL410 .R37 2012)<\/p>\n

\"Cyclepedia<\/p>\n

Cyclepedia :
\na century of iconic bicycle design<\/a>\u00a0\/
\nMichael Embacher ; foreword by Paul Smith ; photographs by Bernard Angerer. \u00a0San Francisco : Chronicle Books, 2011. (Engineering Library FOLIO Tl410 .E43 2011)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article:
\nLaFrance, Adrienne. “How the Bicycle Paved the Way for Women’s Rights<\/a>.”\u00a0The Atlantic <\/em>[serial online], June 26 2014.<\/p>\n

Patent:
\nLallement, Piekre. Improvement in velocipedes. U.S. Patent 59, 915, November 20, 1866<\/a> (Google Patents)<\/p>\n

Standards:
\nCycles — Safety requirements for bicycles —<\/p>\n

Part 1: Terms and definitions — First Edition, ISO 4210-1 July 1, 2014 (14 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part\u00a02: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles — First Edition,\u00a0ISO 4210-2 July 1, 2014 (42 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 3: Common test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-3 July 1, 2104 (16 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 4: Braking test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-4 March 20, 2014 (36 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 5: Steering test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-5 July 1, 2014 (20 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 6: Frame and fork test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-6 July 1, 2014 (32 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 7: Wheels and rims test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-7 March 20, 2014 (14 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 8: Pedal and drive system test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-8 July 1 2014 (16 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n

Part 9: Saddles and seat-post test methods — First Edition, ISO 4210-9 March 20, 2014 (14 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Iowa is\u00a0known for many things: the butter cow, John Wayne, ethanol, and the Register’s Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa (RAGBRAI). On July 20th, 8,500\u00a0riders will mount their two-wheeled pedal machines to cover\u00a0more than 400 miles in one week.\u00a0Would this\u00a0have been\u00a0possible without the\u00a0engineering\u00a0feats of light-weight carbon fiber materials,\u00a0multiple-speed performance gears,\u00a0durable traction\u00a0wheels and brakes, and ergonomicallyContinue reading “Engineering the Bicycle”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"syndication":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/897"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/87"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=897"}],"version-history":[{"count":57,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/897\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1020,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/897\/revisions\/1020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=897"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=897"},{"taxonomy":"syndication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/syndication?post=897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}