{"id":1129,"date":"2014-10-09T08:00:41","date_gmt":"2014-10-09T08:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/?p=1129"},"modified":"2014-10-07T19:16:58","modified_gmt":"2014-10-07T19:16:58","slug":"1st-two-way-phone-conversation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/1st-two-way-phone-conversation\/","title":{"rendered":"1st Two Way Phone Conversation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this day in 1876, Alexander Bell demonstrated the first\u00a0two way telephone conversation over outdoor wires. (October 9, 1876)<\/p>\n<p>Timeline of the Telephone:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1667: Robert Hooke created an acoustic string telephone that convey sound over a taut extended wire by mechanical vibrations.<\/li>\n<li>1849: Antonio Meucci demonstrated a communicating device, it is disputed whether or not this is an electromagnetic telephone, but it is said to involve direct transmission of electricity into the users body.<\/li>\n<li>1861: Johann Philipp Reis of Germany managed to transfer voice electrically over a distance of 340 feet with his Reis telephone. Reis used his telephone to transmit the phrase \u201cThe horse does not eat cucumber salad.\u201d This phrase is hard to understand acoustically in German so he used it to prove that speech can be recognized successfully at the receiving end.<\/li>\n<li>1871: Antonio Meucci files a patent caveat \u2013 a statement of intention to file a patent application for a Sound Telegraph. It does not describe and electromagnetic telephone.<\/li>\n<li>1872: Elisha Gray founds the Western Electric Manufacturing Company.<\/li>\n<li>July 1873: Thomas Edison notes variable resistance in carbon grains due to pressure, builds a rheostat based on the principle, but abandons it because of its sensitivity to vibration.<\/li>\n<li>July 1874:\u00a0Alexander Graham Bell\u00a0first conceives the theoretical concept for the telephone while vacationing at his parents&#8217; farm near\u00a0Brantford, Canada.\u00a0Alexander Melville Bell\u00a0records notes of his son&#8217;s conversation in his personal journal.<\/li>\n<li>29 December 1874: Gray demonstrates his musical tones device and transmitted &#8220;familiar melodies through telegraph wire&#8221; at the Presbyterian Church in Highland Park, Illinois.<\/li>\n<li>11 February 1876:\u00a0Elisha Gray\u00a0invents a\u00a0liquid transmitter\u00a0for use with a telephone, but does not build one.<\/li>\n<li>14 February 1876, about 9:30 am: Gray or his lawyer brings Gray&#8217;s\u00a0patent caveat\u00a0for the telephone to the\u00a0Washington, D.C. Patent Office.<\/li>\n<li>14 February 1876, about 11:30 am: Bell&#8217;s lawyer brings to the same patent office Bell&#8217;s patent application for the telephone. Bell&#8217;s lawyer requests that it be registered immediately in the cash receipts blotter.<\/li>\n<li>14 February 1876, about 1:30 pm: Approximately two hours later Elisha Gray&#8217;s\u00a0patent caveat\u00a0is registered in the cash blotter. Although his caveat was not a full application, Gray could have converted it into a patent application and contest Bell&#8217;s priority, but did not do so because of advice from his lawyer and his involvement with\u00a0acoustic telegraphy. The result was that the patent was awarded to Bell.<\/li>\n<li>7 March 1876: Bell&#8217;s\u00a0U.S. Patent, No. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freepatentsonline.com\/0174465.html\" target=\"_blank\">174,465<\/a> for the telephone is granted.<\/li>\n<li>10 March 1876: Bell first successfully transmits speech, saying\u00a0&#8220;Mr. Watson, come here! I want to see you!&#8221;\u00a0using a liquid transmitter as described in Gray&#8217;s caveat, and Bell&#8217;s own electromagnetic receiver.<\/li>\n<li>16 May 1876:\u00a0Thomas Edison\u00a0files first patent application for\u00a0acoustic telegraphy\u00a0for which U.S. patent 182,996 was granted October 10, 1876.<\/li>\n<li>10 August 1876: Alexander Graham Bell makes the world&#8217;s first long distance telephone call, about 6 miles between\u00a0Brantfordand\u00a0Paris, Ontario, Canada.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4>9 October, 1876: Bell and Watson demonstrated the first two-way conversation over outdoor wires. Their call was made between Boston and Cambridge.<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>9 July 1877: The\u00a0Bell Telephone Company, a\u00a0common law\u00a0joint-stock company, is organized by Alexander Graham Bell&#8217;s future father-in-law\u00a0Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a lawyer who becomes its first president.<\/li>\n<li>6 October 1877: the Scientific American publishes the invention from Bell &#8211; at that time still without a ringer.<\/li>\n<li>Early months of 1879: The\u00a0Bell Telephone Company\u00a0is near bankruptcy and desperate to get a transmitter to equal Edison&#8217;s carbon transmitter.<\/li>\n<li>19 February 1880: The\u00a0photophone, also called a\u00a0radiophone, is invented jointly by Alexander Graham Bell and\u00a0Charles Sumner Tainter\u00a0at Bell&#8217;s\u00a0Volta Laboratory.[15][16]\u00a0The device allowed for the\u00a0transmission\u00a0of\u00a0sound\u00a0on a beam of\u00a0light<\/li>\n<li>4 September 1884: Opening of telephone service between New York and Boston (235 miles)<\/li>\n<li>26 February 1914: Boston-Washington underground cable commenced commercial service<\/li>\n<li>25 January 1915: The first transcontinental (coast-to-coast) telephone call (3600 miles), with\u00a0Thomas Augustus Watson\u00a0at 333 Grant Avenue in\u00a0San Francisco\u00a0receiving a call from Alexander Graham Bell at 15 Dey Street in New York City, facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier<\/li>\n<li>21 October 1915: First transmission of speech across the Atlantic Ocean by radiotelephone from Arlington, VA to Paris, France<\/li>\n<li>1919: The first\u00a0rotary dial\u00a0telephones in the Bell System installed in\u00a0Norfolk, Virginia. Telephones that lacked dials and\u00a0touch-tone\u00a0pads were no longer made by the Bell System after 1978.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a01919: AT&amp;T conducts more than 4,000 measurements of people&#8217;s heads to gauge the best dimensions of standard headsets so that callers&#8217; lips would be near the microphone when holding handsets up to their ears<\/li>\n<li>25 April 1935: First telephone call around the world by wire and radio<\/li>\n<li>1947: December,\u00a0W. Rae Young\u00a0and\u00a0Douglas H. Ring,\u00a0Bell Labs\u00a0engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for provisioning of mobile telephone service.<\/li>\n<li>1948: Phil Porter, a Bell Labs engineer, proposed that cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas pointing in 3 directions.<\/li>\n<li>1955: the laying of trans-Atlantic cable\u00a0TAT-1\u00a0began &#8211; 36 circuits, later increased to 48 by reducing the bandwidth from 4\u00a0kHz to 3\u00a0kHz<\/li>\n<li>1960&#8217;s:\u00a0Bell Labs\u00a0developed the electronics for\u00a0cellular phones<\/li>\n<li>1961: Initiation of\u00a0Touch-Tone\u00a0service trials<\/li>\n<li>1970:\u00a0ESS-2\u00a0electronic switch<\/li>\n<li>1970:\u00a0Amos E. Joel, Jr.\u00a0of\u00a0Bell Labs\u00a0invented the &#8220;call handoff&#8221; system for &#8220;cellular mobile communication system&#8221; (patent granted 1972)<\/li>\n<li>3 April 1973:\u00a0Motorola\u00a0employee\u00a0Martin Cooper\u00a0placed the first hand-held cell phone call to Joel Engel, head of research at AT&amp;T&#8217;s\u00a0Bell Labs, while talking on the first\u00a0Motorola DynaTAC\u00a0prototype.<\/li>\n<li>1978: Bell Labs launched a trial of the first commercial cellular network in Chicago using\u00a0Advanced Mobile Phone System\u00a0(AMPS).<\/li>\n<li>1982: FCC approved AT&amp;T proposal for AMPS and allocated frequencies in the 824-894\u00a0MHz band<\/li>\n<li>1982:\u00a0Caller ID\u00a0patented by Carolyn Doughty,\u00a0Bell Labs<\/li>\n<li>1987:\u00a0ADSL\u00a0introduced<\/li>\n<li>1988: First transatlantic fiber optic cable\u00a0TAT-8, carrying 40,000 circuits<\/li>\n<li>1990: analog AMPS was superseded by\u00a0Digital AMPS.<\/li>\n<li>1993:\u00a0Telecom Relay Service\u00a0available for the disabled<\/li>\n<li>11 June 2002:\u00a0Antonio Meucci\u00a0is recognized for &#8220;&#8230;his work\u00a0in the invention of\u00a0the telephone&#8221; (but not &#8220;&#8230;for inventing\u00a0the telephone&#8221;) by the\u00a0United States House of Representatives, in\u00a0United States HRes. 269.<\/li>\n<li>21 June 2002: The\u00a0Parliament of Canada\u00a0responds by\u00a0passing a motion unanimously 10 days later\u00a0recognizing\u00a0Alexander Graham Bell\u00a0as the\u00a0inventor of the telephone.<\/li>\n<li>2005:\u00a0Mink, Louisiana\u00a0finally receives traditional landline telephone service (one of the last in the United States).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Books in the Engineering Library:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gertner, Jon. 2012.\u00a0The idea factory:\u00a0Bell Labs and the great age of American innovation.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infohawk.uiowa.edu\/F\/?func=find-b&amp;find_code=SYS&amp;local_base=UIOWA&amp;request=007055853\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering \u00a0Library \u00a0TK5102.3.U6 \u00a0G47 2012<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Petruzzellis, Thomas. 2009.\u00a0Telephone projects for the evil genius.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infohawk.uiowa.edu\/F\/?func=find-b&amp;find_code=SYS&amp;local_base=UIOWA&amp;request=004372846\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering \u00a0Library \u00a0TK9951 \u00a0.P48 2009<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Shulman, Seth. 2008.\u00a0The telephone gambit : chasing Alexander Graham Bell&#8217;s secret.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infohawk.uiowa.edu\/F\/?func=find-b&amp;find_code=SYS&amp;local_base=UIOWA&amp;request=004248089\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering \u00a0Library \u00a0TK6018.B4 \u00a0S58 2008<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\"> \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Freeman, Roger L. \u00a02004.\u00a0Telecommunication system engineering.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infohawk.uiowa.edu\/F\/?func=find-b&amp;find_code=SYS&amp;local_base=UIOWA&amp;request=003052091\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering \u00a0Library \u00a0TK5103 \u00a0.F68 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chorafas, Dimitris N. \u00a01984.\u00a0Telephony : today and tomorrow.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/infohawk.uiowa.edu\/F\/?func=find-b&amp;find_code=SYS&amp;local_base=UIOWA&amp;request=000446607\" target=\"_blank\">Engineering \u00a0Library \u00a0TK5101 \u00a0.C496 1984<\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this day in 1876, Alexander Bell demonstrated the first\u00a0two way telephone conversation over outdoor wires. (October 9, 1876) Timeline of the Telephone: 1667: Robert Hooke created an acoustic string telephone that convey sound over a taut extended wire by mechanical vibrations. 1849: Antonio Meucci demonstrated a communicating device, it is disputed whether or not<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/1st-two-way-phone-conversation\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;1st Two Way Phone Conversation&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":142,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"syndication":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/142"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1130,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1129\/revisions\/1130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1129"},{"taxonomy":"syndication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.lib.uiowa.edu\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/syndication?post=1129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}